Allow, Satisfy and related directives have been deprecated, and they only still work for backwards compatibility as part of the module mod_access_compat
The new way is using the module mod_authz_host and the Require directives.
ricorca che talvolta .htaccess è disabilitato, per abilitalo nel virtualHost :
AllowOverride All
Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 192.168.0. Allow from 87.30.7.191 #ip specifico <FilesMatch \.(inc|conf)> order allow, deny deny from all </FilesMatch> <DirectoryMatch "^/.*/(\.svn|CVS)/"> Order deny,allow Deny from all </DirectoryMatch> <Directory ~ "\.svn"> Order allow,deny Deny from all </Directory> # Deny access to certain directories <FilesMatch "(etc|tmp)$"> Order allow,deny Deny from all </FilesMatch> # Set the default documents DirectoryIndex index.php index.html # Disallow directory browsing Options Indexes +FollowSymLinks
consentire l'accesso a una classe di IP
<Directory /APP_PATH> Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 160.120.25.65 Allow from 127.0.0.0/8 </Directory> # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_authz_host.html # dir available only from localhost or IP <Directory /var/www/html/> Require host localhost Require ip 127.0.0.1 Require ip 192.168 Require ip 10 </Directory>
more sophisticated IP expressions
# IPv4 Allow from 127.0.0.0/8 # IPv4 Loopback Addresses Allow from 169.254.0.0/16 # IPv4 Link-local Addresses Allow from 10.0.0.0/8 # IPv4 Normal LAN Address Space Allow from 172.16.0.0/12 # IPv4 Normal LAN Address Space Allow from 192.168.0.0/16 # IPv4 Normal LAN Address Space # IPv6 For Apache 2.4 and up only <IfVersion >= 2.4> Allow from ::1/128 # IPv6 Loopback Addresses Allow from fe80::/10 # IPv6 Link-local Addresses Allow from fc00::/7 # IPv6 Unique Local Addresses (LAN Space) </IfVersion>
docs:
mod_authz_host
impedire l'accesso a una classe di IP
order allow,deny allow from all deny from 65.19.146.2 220.248.0.0/14
impedire l'accesso a tutto il server web, ad esempio permettendo solo l'uso locale:
nano /etc/apache2/ports.conf
Listen 127.0.0.1:80
# apache2 reaload
restrizione per IP a un singolo script
permettere l'accesso della rete locale ma richiedere la password a tutti gli altri
AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/.htpasswd AuthType Basic AuthName MySite Require valid-user Allow from 192.168.0 Satisfy Any
per costruire .htpasswd
deve essere leggibile a www-data
htpasswd -c /etc/apache2/.htpasswd <username> chmod 644 /etc/apache2/.htpasswd
AuthType Basic AuthUserFile "/etc/apache2/.htpasswd" AuthName "Enter valid username and password!" require valid-user # require user aaaa bbbb #per permettere i soli username aaaa bbbb # proteggere un singolo file #<Files my-secret-file.html> #require valid-user #</Files>
basic php auth
define('AUTH_USER' , 'aa', false);
define('AUTH_PW' , 'bb', false);
if (!isset($_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER'])) {
header('WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="My Realm"');
header('HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized');
echo 'user hit Cancel button: provide a valid user.';
exit;
} else {
if( !empty($_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER'] ) && !empty($_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_PW'] ) ) {
if(
$_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER'] == AUTH_USER &&
$_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_PW'] == AUTH_PW
) {
// OK!
} else {
$_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER']=null;
$_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_PW'] =null;
die('invalid user and pass.');
}
} else {
$_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER']=null;
$_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_PW'] =null;
die('invalid user and pass.');
}
}
#password-protect a file <files secure.php=""> AuthType Basic AuthName "Prompt" AuthUserFile /home/path/.htpasswd Require valid-user </files>
# password-protect a directory resides AuthType basic AuthName "This directory is protected" AuthUserFile /home/path/.htpasswd AuthGroupFile /dev/null Require valid-user
# deny access the .htaccess File <files .htaccess=""> order allow,deny deny from all </files> # make sure nobody gets the htaccess, README, COPYING or VERSION files <Files ~ "^([\._]ht|README$|VERSION$|COPYING$)"> Order allow,deny Deny from all </Files>
<VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example.com/ ServerName www.example.com DirectoryIndex index.htm index.html index.php ServerAlias example.com ErrorDocument 404 /404.php ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/example.com_error_log CustomLog /var/log/httpd/example.com_access_log combined </VirtualHost>
Options All -Indexes # also, disable other non essential features Options -FollowSymLinks Options -Includes Options -ExecCGI # small request by default LimitRequestBody 512000
<Directory "/home/httpd/html/mydomain/files_to_hide"> Options -Indexes </Directory>
grep ServerSignature /etc/apache2/conf.d/* sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
ServerSignature Off ServerTokens Prod
disabilita header X-Powered-By:PHP
sudo nano /etc/php5/apache/php.ini expose_php Off
Header always unset X-Powered-By
ServerTokens ProductOnly
pecify the default email address for the server's admin.
ServerSignature EMail SetEnv SERVER_ADMIN test@gmail.com
candidati: mod_imap, mod_include, mod_info, mod_userdir, mod_autoindex.
grep LoadModule /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
web application firewall
apt-get install libapache2-mod-security a2enmod mod-security /etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload
scaricare di sicurezza OWASP
cd /etc/httpd/ wget http://pkgs.fedoraproject.org/repo/pkgs/mod_security_crs/modsecurity-crs_2.2.5.tar.gz/aaeaa1124e8efc39eeb064fb47cfc0aa/modsecurity-crs_2.2.5.tar.gz tar xzf modsecurity-crs_2.2.5.tar.gz mv modsecurity-crs_2.2.5 modsecurity-crs cd modsecurity-crs cp modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example modsecurity_crs_10_config.conf
detects and blocks DDOS attacks
http://www.tecmint.com/protect-apache-using-mod_security-and-mod_evasive-on-rhel-centos-fedora/
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-evasive sudo mkdir /var/log/mod_evasive sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/log/mod_evasive/
sudo vi /etc/apache2/mods-available/mod-evasive.load
LoadModule evasive20_module modules/mod_evasive20.so <IfModule mod_evasive20.c> DOSHashTableSize 3097 DOSPageCount 5 DOSSiteCount 100 DOSPageInterval 1 DOSSiteInterval 1 DOSBlockingPeriod 10 #DOSEmailNotify test@test.com DOSLogDir "/var/log/mod_evasive" #DOSSystemCommand "su - someuser -c '/sbin/... %s ...'" #DOSWhitelist 127.0.0.1 </IfModule>
DosHashTableSize: number of top-level nodes for each apache child process's hash table. Increasing this number will provide faster performance, but consume more memory. You should increase this if you have a busy web server.
DOSPageCount: the number of requests for the same page per page interval.
DOSSiteCount: This is the threshold for the total number of requests for any object by the same client on the same listener per site interval. Once the threshold for that interval has been exceeded, the IP address of the client will be added to the blocking list.
DOSPageInterval: The interval for the page count threshold; defaults to 1 second intervals.
DOSSiteInterval: The interval for the site count threshold; defaults to 1 second intervals.
DOSBlockingPeriod: amount of time (in seconds) that a client will be blocked. all subsequent requests from the client will result in a 403 (Forbidden) and the timer being reset (e.g., another 10 seconds).
DOSEmailNotify: an email will be sent to the address specified whenever an IP address becomes blacklisted. A locking mechanism using /var/lock/mod_evasive prevents continuous emails from being sent.
test script, apre 100 connessioni alla porta 80 e scrive se la connessione è accettata o rifiutata
#!/usr/bin/perl use IO::Socket; use strict; for(0..100) { my($response); my($SOCKET) = new IO::Socket::INET( Proto => "tcp", PeerAddr=> "127.0.0.1:80"); if (! defined $SOCKET) { die $!; } print $SOCKET "GET /?$_ HTTP/1.0\n\n"; $response = <$SOCKET>; print $response; close($SOCKET); }
cronjob, domenica, ore 1:01
1 1 * * 0 root /etc/init.d/apache2 restart > /dev/null 2>&1
#!/usr/bin/env python import urllib2 import commands from subprocess import call ip = '127.0.0.1' try: link = urllib2.urlopen('http://%s' % ip).code print link except urllib2.HTTPError as e: print e.code except urllib2.URLError: call('invoke-rc.d apache2 restart', shell=True)
check configuration file for errors, parse "apache2ctl configtest"
#!/usr/bin/env python import re from subprocess import check_output, call def is_config_ok(): if re.findall('OK',check_output('apache2ctl configtest', shell=True)): return 1 else: return 0 if __name__ == "__main__": if is_config_ok(): call('invoke-rc.d apache2 restart', shell=True) else: print "error in config"
With TLS1.0 coming to end, you are advised to disable all protocols lower than TLSv1.1.
to only allow TLSv1.1 and 1.2 with strong Ciphering:
in vhost configuration
SSLEngine On SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3 -TLSv1 SSLCipherSuite HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5 SSLHonorCipherOrder on SSLCompression off SSLSessionTickets off
- reload apache - run a test on SSLLabs.com
check the following files for duplicated directives, SSLProtocol and SSLCipherSuite, comment them with # /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/ssl.conf /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-apache.conf
Partita Iva: 02360450205
Content of this site is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License.
